Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 1755

会议视频 73

会议信息 2

会议专题 1

年份

2024 3

2023 153

2022 186

2021 168

2020 111

2019 107

2018 82

2017 75

2016 76

2015 88

2014 87

2013 68

2012 70

2011 70

2010 81

2009 80

2008 56

2007 66

2006 23

2005 19

展开︾

关键词

水资源 16

细水雾 14

高速铁路 14

可持续发展 8

高质量发展 8

关键技术 7

创新 6

城镇建设 6

智能制造 6

泥水盾构 6

运载系统 6

反渗透 5

技术体系 5

三峡工程 4

农业科学 4

天然气水合物 4

工程管理 4

数值模拟 4

水环境 4

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Dynamics simulation of bottom high-sediment sea water movement under waves

Xueyi YOU , Wei LIU , Houpeng XIAO ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 312-315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0037-y

摘要： The movement of bottom high-sediment sea water under water waves, especially that of the high-sediment water layer close to the sea bottom, is important to the resuspension and settlement of sediment. Supposing that the high-sediment sea water is a Newtonian fluid, based on Navier-Stokes (N-S) theory, the movement of the interfaces of air-water and water-sediment water was tracked by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The velocity field of sediment water was simulated by considering the effect of water waves. The results show that the movement of sediment water is very different from that of sea water, which provides a solid basis for understanding the resuspension and settlement of sediment and the formation of bottom stripe, and the VOF method can trace the movement of the two interfaces simultaneously; the movement of the air-water interface has a strong effect on that of the water-sediment water interface, while the effect of the water-sediment water interface movement on the air-water interface is not obvious.

关键词： volume of fluid (VOF) method high sediment sea water numerical simulation interface trace Navier-Stokes (N-S) theory

HTML PDF 收藏

integrated method for the rapid dewatering and solidification/stabilization of dredged contaminated sedimentwith a high water content

Hefu Pu, Aamir Khan Mastoi, Xunlong Chen, Dingbao Song, Jinwei Qiu, Peng Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1359-1

摘要： Abstract • An integrated method, called PHDVPSS, was proposed for treating DCS. • The PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to conventional method. • Using the method, water content (%) of DCS decreased from 300 to<150 in 3 days. • The 56-day UCS from this method is 12‒17 times higher than conventional method. • Relative to PC, GGBS-MgO binder yielded greater reduction in the leachability. To more efficiently treat the dredged contaminated sediment (DCS) with a high water content, this study proposes an integrated method (called PHDVPSS) that uses the solidifying/stabilizing (S/S) agents and prefabricated horizontal drain (PHD) assisted by vacuum pressure (VP). Using this method, dewatering and solidification/stabilization can be carried out simultaneously such that the treatment time can be significantly shortened and the treatment efficacy can be significantly improved. A series of model tests was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that the proposed PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to the conventional S/S method that uses Portland cement (PC) directly without prior dewatering. The 56-day unconfined compressive strength of DCS treated by the proposed method with GGBS-MgO as the binder is 12‒17 times higher than that by the conventional S/S method. DCS treated by the PHDVPSS method exhibited continuous decrease in leaching concentration of Zn with increasing curing age. The reduction of Zn leachability is more obvious when using GGBS-MgO as the binder than when using PC, because GGBS-MgO increased the residual fraction and decreased the acid soluble fraction of Zn. The microstructure analysis reveals the formation of hydrotalcite in GGBS-MgO binder, which resulted in higher mechanical strength and higher Zn stabilization efficiency.

关键词： Dredged contaminated sediment Dewatering Solidification/stabilization Vacuum preloading Prefabricated horizontal drain Heavy metal

HTML PDF 收藏

Occurrence and distribution of micro- and mesoplastics in the high-latitude nature reserve, northern

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1534-7

摘要：

• The first study on micro(meso)plastics (MMPs) in the Liaohe River Reserve is reported.

关键词： Microplastics Mesoplastics Water Sediment Characteristic Risk Assessment

HTML PDF 收藏

Analysis of physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing unconsolidated sediment samples from the ultra-deepwaterarea in the South China Sea

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 509-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0786-4

摘要： Marine natural gas hydrate has recently attracted global attention as a potential new clean energy source. Laboratory measurements of various physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments can provide valuable information for developing efficient and safe extraction technology of natural gas hydrates. This study presents comprehensive measurement results and analysis of drilled hydrate-bearing sediments samples recovered from Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea. The results show that the gas hydrate in the core samples is mainly methane hydrate with a methane content of approximately 95%, and the other components are ethane and carbon dioxide. The saturation of the samples fluctuates from 2%–60%, the porosity is approximately 38%–43%, and the water content is approximately 30%–50%, which indicate that high water saturation means that timely drainage should be paid attention to during hydrate extraction. In addition, the median diameter of the sediment samples is mainly distributed in the range of 15 to 34 μm, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sand production in the mining process. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is distributed in the range of 0.75 to 0.96 W/(m∙K) as measured by the flat plate heat source method. The relatively low thermal conductivity of hydrates at this study site indicates that a combined approach is encouraged for natural gas production technologies. It is also found that clay flakes and fine particles are attached to the surface of large particles in large numbers. Such characteristics will lead to insufficient permeability during the production process.

关键词： natural gas hydrates physical properties analysis hydrate-bearing sediments

HTML PDF 收藏

新形势下黄河水沙调控策略研究

胡春宏,张双虎,张晓明

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 122-130 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.013

摘要：

黄河水沙调控对保障黄河长久安澜至关重要。近几十年来，受自然因素和水土保持等人类活动的双重影响，黄河来水来沙量持续发生变化，水资源量略有减少、来沙量锐减，为此，科学研判未来黄河来水来沙量是制定水沙调控策略最基础、最关键的科学问题。本文分析了1919—2020 年百年尺度下的黄河来水来沙量的演变情况，并预测了未来50 年的黄河来水来沙量；系统总结了目前黄河水沙调控面临的主要问题，即黄河上游河道淤积萎缩、黄河下游滩区治理策略与高质量发展要求不适应、黄土高原水土流失治理区域不均衡等。在此基础上，提出了新水沙条件下的黄河水沙调控策略建议，一是以黄河上游黑山峡河段开发和古贤水利枢纽建设为重点，完善水沙调控体系；二是黄河下游滩区分区治理、改造河道并释放部分滩区，实现滩区防洪运用与高质量发展的协同；三是科学开展黄土高原分区分类水土保持措施，调整黄土高原治理格局，协同推进生态保护和乡村振兴。

关键词：黄河新水沙条件水沙调控水利枢纽分区治理生态保护

HTML PDF 收藏

海水西调是西北和华北北部可持续发展的需要

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 48-55

摘要：

着重讨论第三、第四纪以来，特别是人类历史记载以来自然干旱化进程是缓慢而深刻的并且是不可逆转的等问题。进一步认识西北和华北北部三套面向西北迎风八字形高山冷凝系统的地利条件。恰逢今年3.20跨国沙尘暴事件，重点提出拯救阿拉善和额济纳旗的调水措施。文章还回答了四点质询。结论指出欲缓解或局部逆转西北干旱化进程唯有海水西调，这是西北可持续发展的基础。

关键词：海水西调可持续发展沙尘源干旱化

HTML PDF 收藏

海水西调与我国沙漠和沙尘暴的根治

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 13-21

摘要：

提出内陆盆地增加降水量的三项必要和充分条件，即西风带、高山山脉冷凝作用和广大湿地提供水气源。提出海水西调工程，从渤海西北海岸提水到大兴安岭南端，经内蒙古北部到达新疆，目的是恢复和扩大西北湿地，治理沙漠和沙尘暴。工程将产生十大经济和生态效益，其中4条效益是不可替代的。

关键词：海水西调沙尘暴湿地水气交换系统

HTML PDF 收藏

Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbeand North Sea, Germany

Lutz AHRENS, Merle PLASSMANN, Zhiyong XIE, Ralf EBINGHAUS

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 152-170 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0021-8

摘要： The distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the dissolved and particulate phase and their discharge from the river Elbe into the North Sea were studied. The PFCs quantified included C -C perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 6∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6∶2 FTS), C and C perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), C -C perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoro-3,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (3,7m -PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and n-ethyl perfluroctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE). PFCs were mostly distributed in the dissolved phase, where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated with 2.9-12.5 ng/L. In the suspended particulate matter FOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest concentrations (4.0 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L, respectively). The total flux of ∑PFCs from the river Elbe was estimated to be 802 kg/year for the dissolved phase and 152 kg/year for the particulate phase. This indicates that the river Elbe acts as a source of PFCs into the North Sea. However, the concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in the North Sea were higher than that in the river Elbe, thus an alternative source must exist for these compounds.

关键词： polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) surface water water-particulate partitioning

HTML PDF 收藏

海水西调是西部大开发的战略性基础工程

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 14-19

摘要：

文章认为海水西调工程是西部大开发的战略性基础工程。重点阐述海水西调对内蒙古产生的效益和陇东和贵州省等生态大移民的战略效益。并再度讨论了海水西调与盐碱化问题。解释了工程取得共识需要20年的原因，建议尽快进行多学科综合研究并争取早日动工，造福西北。

关键词：海水西调沙尘暴西部大开发地下水

HTML PDF 收藏

Phosphorus transformation under the influence of aluminum, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen at the water-sediment

Ouchen Cai, Yuanxiao Xiong, Haijun Yang, Jinyong Liu, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1227-z

摘要： The three simulation factors caused various changes in both water and sediment. Responses to simulations differed with the reported natural lakes and wetlands. Al has dominant effects on sediment P release control among the three factors. Adding sediment Al can be effective and safe under the simulated conditions. Polyphosphates were not generated, while added phytate was rather stable. The effects of sediment aluminum (Al), organic carbon (OC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) on phosphorus (P) transformation, at the water-sediment interface of a eutrophic constructed lake, were investigated via a series of simulative experiments. The above three factors had various influences on dissolved P concentration, water pH, water and surface sediment appearance, and P fractions. Additions of Al had the greatest effect on suppressing P release, and the water pH remained alkaline in the water-sediment system under various OC and DO conditions. No dissolution of the added Al was detected. 31P-NMR characterization suggested that OC addition did not promote biological P uptake to polyphosphates under oxic conditions. The simulation result on the added phytate indicated the absence of phytate in the original lake sediment. As compared to the reported natural lakes and wetland, the water-sediment system of the constructed lake responded differently to some simulative conditions. Since Al, OC, and DO can be controlled with engineering methods, the results of this study provide insights for the practical site restorations.

关键词： Phosphorus Sediment Simulation Dissolved oxygen Organic carbon Aluminum

HTML PDF 收藏

南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望

米立军 ,周守为 ,谢玉洪 ,张功成 ,杨海长

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 58-65 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.007

摘要：

加大油气勘探开发力度，减少石油和天然气对外依存度，保障国家能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。“十一五”以来，中国海洋石油集团有限公司在南海北部深水领域持续加强基础研究，加快技术创新和加大勘探投入，相继获得一批重大油气勘探发现。本文阐述了五项重大勘探地质理论认识和两项勘探技术创新成果，探讨了深水油气勘探将要面临的挑战和应对策略，展望了南海北部深水区中深层、潜山及岩性圈闭三大领域的勘探前景。研究指出，南海北部陆缘深水区的拆离作用控制了珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地大型凹陷的形成，发育了湖相、海陆过渡相和海相三套规模烃源岩；高‒ 变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃，建立了琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道油气成藏模式、白云凹陷深水区深水扇天然气晚期成藏模式和深水区“断‒ 脊”联控油气差异聚集成藏模式。同时自主创新研发了立体震源激发和“犁形”缆接收的宽频采集处理技术。在多项地质理论认识和创新技术的指导下，发现以“深海一号”（陵水17-2）等为代表的一批大中型气田，对于保障粤港澳大湾区能源供应、促进海南自贸区（港）能源绿色发展、推动我国油气增储上产具有重要意义。

关键词：南海北部；深水区；油气勘探；深水天然气

HTML PDF 收藏

中国海透明度卫星遥感监测

何贤强,潘德炉,黄二辉,赵艳玲

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 33-37

摘要：

传统的海水透明度监测方法是利用船舶等进行实测。由于船测本身固有的缺点，满足不了当前对海洋要素大范围、快速、实时监测的需求，必须结合卫星、航空遥感等手段，进行立体监测。文章以海水透明度为突破口，开展中国海透明度的卫星遥感监测。结果表明，利用卫星遥感技术反演海水透明度精度可以达到相对平均误差22.6%，在中高透明度海区，具有更高的反演精度。利用建立的海水透明度遥感反演算法和SeaWiFS卫星遥感数据，制作了两年的中国海透明度遥感产品数据集，并利用该产品，对中国海透明度的时空变化规律进行了遥感分析。

关键词：中国海透明度遥感监测

HTML PDF 收藏

Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource

Wenchao Xue, May Zaw, Xiaochan An, Yunxia Hu, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1211-7

摘要： • A dual “waste-to-resource” application of FO was proposed. • Performance of sea salt bittern as an economic FO draw solution was evaluated. • High quality struvite recovery from black water using FO was demonstrated. • Feed pH is a key factor to control the form of recovered phosphorous. A dual “waste-to-resource” innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern (SSB)-driven forward osmosis (FO) process is proposed and demonstrated. The performance of SSB as a “waste-to-resource” draw solution for FO was first evaluated. A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of 25.67±3.36 L/m2⋅h, which was 1.5‒1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M MgCl2. Slightly compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was observed. In compensation, the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg2+ suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite precipitation. The nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic tank. Over 80% of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low- and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%‒90%. With an elevated feed pH (~9), approximately 60%‒85% enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated stuvite. Whereas the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) largely differed depending on the strength of black water. Improved concentration factor (i.e., 3-folds) and retention (>60%) of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%, in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black water. The results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual “waste-to-resource” FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.

关键词： Forward osmosis Sea salt bittern Black water Nutrient recovery pH

HTML PDF 收藏

Recent advances in pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the surface water and sediments in China

Wentao Zhao, Ying Guo, Shuguang Lu, Pingping Yan, Qian Sui

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0868-4

摘要： Recent publications on PPCPs in surface water environment in China were reviewed. Antibiotics received more attention than other PPCPs in surface water environment. Uneven attention has been focused across different study areas in China. Sulfamethoxazole showed the most significant environmental risk in surface water. Higher risks were posed by PPCPs in sediments than in surface water. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been regarded as an emerging problem in the surface water environment in the past few decades. In China, although related studies were initiated several years ago, an increasing number of studies on this topic have been conducted in recent years. These studies have expanded knowledge of their occurrence, behavior and associated risk in the surface water environment in China. This review compiles the most recent literature related to the studies of PPCPs in the surface water environment in China. It includes PPCP occurrence in surface water and sediments, their geographical distribution, and outcomes of the associated risk assessment. It shows that antibiotics have received much more attention in both surface water and sediments than other PPCPs. Compared to other countries; most antibiotics in the collected sediments in China showed higher contamination levels. Many more study areas have been covered in recent years; however, attention has been given to only specific areas. Environmental risk assessment based on risk quotients indicated that sulfamethoxazole presents the most significant environmental risk to relevant aquatic organisms; followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, 17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Despite limited research on the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs in sediments, higher risks posed by PPCPs in the sediments rather than surface water were identified highlighting the need for further risk assessment of PPCPs in sediment samples.

关键词： Surface water Sediment Antibiotics Geographical distribution Risk assessment